Drinking Water Test Results for 2002 |
||||||
Substance and Unit Measurement |
Highest Level Detected |
Range Detected |
Highest Level Allowed (MCL) |
Highest Level Goal (MCLG) |
Major Source in Drinking Water |
|
Microbiological |
||||||
Total Coliform Bacteria (percent) |
4 |
0 to 4 |
presence of coliform bacteria in greater than 5% of the monthly samples |
0 |
Naturally present in the environment |
|
E. coli Bacteria (percent) |
0 |
no range |
a routine sample and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive |
0 |
Human and animal fecal waste |
|
Turbidity (NTU) |
0.38
and 99.9% of samples below 0.3 |
0.01 to 0.38 |
1.0
and 95% of samples below 0.3 |
0.5 |
A measure of the cloudiness of water. It may be caused by inorganic soil particles or fragments of organic matter that can interfere with treatment. |
|
Radiological |
||||||
Beta emitters (pCi/l) (last tested in 1999) |
4.34 |
no range |
50 |
0 |
Decay of natural and man-made deposits |
|
Alpha emitters (pCi/l) (last tested in 1999) |
0 |
no range |
15 |
0 |
Erosion of natural deposits |
|
Inorganics |
||||||
Antimony (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
6 |
6 |
Discharge from petroleum refineries; fire retardants; ceramics; electronics; solder |
|
Arsenic (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
10 |
N/A |
Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from orchards; runoff from glass and electronics production wastes
|
|
Asbestos (MFL)
|
BDL |
no range |
7 |
7 |
Decay of asbestos-cement water mains; erosion of natural deposits Last tested 9/93 |
|
Substance and Unit Measurement |
Highest Level Detected |
Range Detected |
Highest Level Allowed (MCL) |
Highest Level Goal (MCLG) |
Major Source in Drinking Water |
|
Barium (ppm) |
0.022 |
0.015 to 0.022 |
2 |
2 |
Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits |
|
Beryllium (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
4 |
4 |
Discharge from metal refineries and coal-burning factories; discharge from electrical, aerospace, and defense industries |
|
Cadmium (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
5 |
5 |
Corrosion of galvanized pipes; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from metal refineries; runoff from waste batteries and paints |
|
Chromium (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
100 |
100 |
Discharge from steel and pulp mills; erosion of natural deposits |
|
Copper (ppm)
|
0.160 (90 th percentile, with 0 sample sites above the action level) |
0.026 to 0.580 |
1.3 (action level) |
1.3 |
Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits; leaching from wood preservatives |
|
Cyanide (ppb) |
67 |
34 to 67 |
200 |
200 |
Discharge from steel/metal factories; discharge from plastic and fertilizer factories |
|
Fluoride (ppm) |
0.92 |
0.90 to 0.92 |
4 |
4 |
Erosion of natural deposits; water additive which promotes strong teeth; discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories |
|
Lead (ppb)
|
4 (90 th percentile, with 1 sample site above the action level) |
BDL to 36 |
15 (action level) |
0.0 |
Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits |
|
Mercury (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
2 |
2 |
Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from refineries and factories; runoff from landfills; runoff from cropland |
|
Nitrate (ppm) |
0.22 |
no range |
10 |
10 |
Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits |
|
Nitrite (ppm) |
BDL |
no range |
1 |
1 |
Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits |
|
Selenium (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
50 |
50 |
Discharge from petroleum and metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from mines |
|
Sodium (ppm) |
25.3 |
18.5 to 25.3 |
not regulated |
20 [proposed] |
An element that occurs naturally in soils |
|
Substance and Unit Measurement |
Highest Level Detected |
Range Detected |
Highest Level Allowed (MCL) |
Highest Level Goal (MCLG) |
Major Source in Drinking Water |
|
Sulfate (ppm) |
40 |
28 to 40 |
not regulated |
500 [proposed] |
A mineral that occurs naturally in soils |
|
Thallium (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
2 |
0.5 |
Leaching from ore-processing sites; discharge from electronics, glass, and drug factories |
|
Synthetic Organics, including Pesticides and Herbicides |
||||||
2,4-D (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
70 |
70 |
Runoff form herbicide used on row crops |
|
2,4,5-TP (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
50 |
50 |
Residue of banned herbicide |
|
Alachlor (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
2 |
0 |
Runoff from herbicide used on row crops |
|
Atrazine (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
3 |
3 |
Runoff from herbicide used on row crops |
|
Benzo(a)pyrene (ppt) |
BDL |
no range |
200 |
0 |
Leaching from linings of water storage tanks and distribution lines |
|
Carbofuran (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
40 |
40 |
Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa |
|
Chlordane (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
2 |
0 |
Residue of banned termiticide |
|
Dalapon (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
200 |
200 |
Runoff from herbicide used on rights of way |
|
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
400 |
400 |
Discharge from chemical factories |
|
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
6 |
0 |
Discharge from rubber and chemical factories |
|
Substance and Unit Measurement |
Highest Level Detected |
Range Detected |
Highest Level Allowed (MCL) |
Highest Level Goal (MCLG) |
Major Source in Drinking Water |
|
Dinoseb (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
7 |
7 |
Runoff from herbicide used on soybeans and vegetables |
|
Endrin (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
2 |
2 |
Residue of banned insecticide |
|
Heptachlor (ppt) |
BDL |
no range |
400 |
0 |
Residue of banned termiticide |
|
Heptachlor Epoxide (ppt) |
BDL |
no range |
200 |
0 |
Breakdown of heptachlor |
|
Hexachlorobenzene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
1 |
0 |
Discharge from metal refineries and agricultural chemical factories |
|
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
50 |
50 |
Discharge from chemical factories |
|
Lindane (ppt) |
BDL |
no range |
200 |
200 |
Runoff/leaching from incecticide used on cattle, lumber, gardens |
|
Methoxychlor (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
40 |
40 |
Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, livestock |
|
Oxamyl (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
200 |
200 |
Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on apples, potatoes, and tomatoes |
|
Polychlorinatedbiphenyls (ppt) |
BDL |
no range |
500 |
0 |
Runoff from landfills; discharge of waste chemicals |
|
Pentachlorophenol, ppb |
BDL |
no range |
1 |
0 |
Discharge from wood preserving factories |
|
Picloram (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
500 |
500 |
Herbicide runoff |
|
Simazine (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
4 |
4 |
Herbicide runoff |
|
Toxaphene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
3 |
0 |
Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cotton and cattle |
|
Substance and Unit Measurement |
Highest Level Detected |
Range Detected |
Highest Level Allowed (MCL) |
Highest Level Goal (MCLG) |
Major Source in Drinking Water |
|
Volatile Organics |
||||||
Benzene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
5 |
0 |
Discharge from factories; leaching from gas storage tanks and landfills |
|
Carbon Tetrachloride (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
5 |
0 |
Discharge from chemical plants and other industrial activities |
|
Chlorobenzene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
100 |
100 |
Discharge from chemical and agricultural chemical factories |
|
o-Dichlorobenzene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
600 |
600 |
Discharge from industrial chemical factories |
|
p-Dichlorobenzene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
75 |
75 |
Discharge from industrial chemical factories |
|
1,2-Dichloroethane (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
5 |
0 |
Discharge from industrial chemical factories |
|
1,1-Dichloroethylene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
7 |
7 |
Discharge from industrial chemical factories |
|
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
70 |
70 |
Discharge from industrial chemical factories |
|
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
100 |
100 |
Discharge from industrial chemical factories |
|
Dichloromethane (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
5 |
0 |
Discharge from pharmaceutical and chemical factories |
|
1,2-Dichloropropane (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
5 |
0 |
Discharge from industrial chemical factories |
|
Ethylbenzene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
700 |
700 |
Discharge from petroleum refineries |
|
Styrene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
100 |
100 |
Discharge from rubber and plastic factories; leaching from landfills |
|
Substance and Unit Measurement |
Highest Level Detected |
Range Detected |
Highest Level Allowed (MCL) |
Highest Level Goal (MCLG) |
Major Source in Drinking Water |
|
Tetrachloroethylene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
5 |
0 |
Leaching from PVC pipes; discharge from factories and dry cleaners |
|
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
70 |
70 |
Discharge from textile-finishing factories |
|
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
200 |
200 |
Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories |
|
1,1,2-Trichloroethane (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
5 |
3 |
Discharge from industrial chemical factories |
|
Trichloroethylene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
5 |
0 |
Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories |
|
Total Haloacetic Acids (ppb) |
35.2 ( running yearly average) |
26 to 59 (individual sample sites) |
60 ( running yearly average) |
0 |
By-product of drinking water chlorination |
|
Total Trihalomethanes (ppb) |
36.7 ( running yearly average) |
21.8 to 49 (individual sample sites) |
80 ( running yearly average) |
0 |
By-product of drinking water chlorination |
|
Chloramines (ppm) |
3.5 (running annual average of monthly distribution system samples Feb. – Dec. after switch to chloramination) |
3.4 – 3.7 (range of monthly distribution system sample averages)
|
MRDL = 4 |
MRDLG = 4 |
Water additive used to control microbes. |
|
Chlorine (ppm) |
1.54 (average of distribution system samples in Jan. - prior to chloramination) |
No range |
MRDL = 4 |
MRDLG = 4 |
Water additive used to control microbes |
|
Tolulene (ppm) |
BDL |
no range |
1 |
1 |
Discharge from petroleum factories |
|
Vinyl Chloride (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
2 |
0 |
Leaching from PVC piping; discharge from plastics factories |
|
Xylenes (ppm) |
BDL |
no range |
10 |
10 |
Discharge from petroleum factories; discharge from chemical factories |
|
Unregulated Synthetic Organic Chemicals |
||||||
Aldicarb (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Substance and Unit Measurement |
Highest Level Detected |
Range Detected |
Highest Level Allowed (MCL) |
Highest Level Goal (MCLG) |
Major Source in Drinking Water |
|
Aldicarb sulfone (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Aldicarb sulfoxide (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Aldrin (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Butachlor (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Carbaryl (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Dicamba (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Dieldrin (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
3-Hydroxycarbofuran (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Methomyl (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Metolachlor (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Metribuzin (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Propachlor (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Unregulated Volatile Organic Chemicals |
||||||
Chloroform (ppb) |
20.5 |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
By-product of drinking water chlorination |
|
Substance and Unit Measurement |
Highest Level Detected |
Range Detected |
Highest Level Allowed (MCL) |
Highest Level Goal (MCLG) |
Major Source in Drinking Water |
|
Bromodichloromethane (ppb) |
6.85 |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
By-product of drinking water chlorination |
|
Bromoform (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
By-product of drinking water chlorination |
|
Chlorodibromomethane (ppb) |
2.12 |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
By-product of drinking water chlorination |
|
Bromobenzene (ppb) |
BDL
|
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Bromochloromethane (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Bromomethane (ppb) |
BDL
|
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
n-Butylbenzene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
sec-Butylbenzene (ppb) |
BDL
|
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
tert-Butylbenzene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Chloroethane (ppb) |
BDL
|
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Chloromethane (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
o-Chlorotoluene (ppb) |
BDL
|
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
p-Chlorotoluene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Dibromomethane (ppb) |
BDL
|
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Substance and Unit Measurement |
Highest Level Detected |
Range Detected |
Highest Level Allowed (MCL) |
Highest Level Goal (MCLG) |
Major Source in Drinking Water |
|
m-Dichlorobenzene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Dichlorodifluoromethane (ppb) |
BDL
|
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
1,1-Dichloroethane (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
1,3-Dichloropropane (ppb) |
BDL
|
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
2,2-Dichloropropane (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
1,1-Dichloropropene (ppb) |
BDL
|
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
1,3-Dichloropropene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Fluorotrichloromethane (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Hexachlorobutadiene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Isopropylbenzene (ppb) |
BDL
|
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
p-Isopropyltoluene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Methyl-t-Butyl Ether (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Naphthalene (ppb) |
BDL
|
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
n-Propylbenzene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Substance and Unit Measurement |
Highest Level Detected |
Range Detected |
Highest Level Allowed (MCL) |
Highest Level Goal (MCLG) |
Major Source in Drinking Water |
|
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (ppb) |
BDL
|
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (ppb) |
BDL |
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene (ppb) |
BDL
|
no range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
|
Disinfection By-product Precursors |
||||||
Total Organic Carbon (ppm) |
6 (annual average) |
3.57 to 8.89 |
TT |
N/A |
Naturally present in environment. |
|
Physical Water Quality Characteristics |
|||||
Substance and Unit Measurement |
Annual Average |
Range Detected |
Highest Level Allowed (MCL) |
Limit |
Major Source in Drinking Water |
Alkalinity (mg CaCO 3/L) |
42
|
31 to 63 |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
Calcium (ppm) |
6.97
|
4.01 to 10.42 |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
Color (CU) |
0
|
0 to 4 |
No MCL |
15 |
N/A |
Iron (ppm) |
<0.05
|
<0.05 to 0.05 |
No MCL |
0.3 |
N/A |
Substance and Unit Measurement |
Annual Average
|
Range Detected |
Highest Level Allowed (MCL) |
Limit |
Major Source in Drinking Water |
Manganese (ppm) |
<0.03
|
<0.03 to 0.03 |
No MCL |
0.05 |
N/A |
Ortho-Phosphorus (ppm) |
0.30
|
0.15 to 0.48 |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
pH |
8.3
|
7.1 to 9.1 |
No MCL |
6.5 to 8.5 |
N/A |
Specific Conductance (umhos/cm) |
176
|
129 to 234 |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
Total Hardness (mg CaCO 3/L) |
32
|
22 to 43 |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
Total Phosphorus (ppm) |
0.46
|
0.08 to 0.75 |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
Total Solids (ppm) |
122
|
82 to 200 |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
Total Suspended Solids (ppm) |
0 |
No range |
Not regulated |
Not regulated |
N/A |
Glossary of Terms in TableMCL - Maximum contaminant level - the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology. MCLG - Maximum contaminant level goal - the level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety. SMCL - Secondary maximum contaminant level - limits set for aesthetic reasons. They are non-enforceable. Action Level - The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers a treatment or other requirement which a water system must follow. 90 th Percentile – 90 percent of the samples were below this value. Required reporting unit for lead and copper. BDL - Below detection level ppm - Parts per million - equivalent to milligrams per liter. One part per million is comparable to 1 penny in $10,000. ppb – Parts per billion – equivalent to micrograms per liter. One part per billion is comparable to 1 penny in $10,000,000. ppt – Parts per trillion – equivalent to nanograms per liter. One part per trillion is comparable to 1 penny in $10,000,000,000. NTU – Nephelometric Turbidity Units – Units of measurement used for turbidity or the cloudiness of water. PCi/L – PicoCuries per liter – a measure of radioactivity in water with an activity equal to one millionth of a millionth of a curie. MFL – Million Fibers per liter – a measure of the presence of asbestos fibers that are longer than 10 micrometers in water. mg CaCO 3/l - Milligrams of calcium carbonate per liter water. CU - Color units - a measurement used for color of water. umhos/cm - Micromhos per centimeter - a measurement used for conductivity of water. MRDLG – Maximum Residual Disinfection Level Goal – The “Level” of o drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants. MRDL – The “Highest Level” (MRDL) of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants. |